Developmental Dental Defects in Permanent Teeth Resulting from Trauma in Primary Dentition: A Systematic Review.

The objective was to determine whether trauma in primary dentition causes alterations in the development of permanent dentition. Searches were made in May 2020 using PubMed, MEDLINE, MEDES, Scopus, Lilacs, and Embase. Papers in English, German, and Spanish, without restrictions in the year of publication, were included. The quality of the studies was analyzed using the NOS Scale. The search retrieved 537 references, and seven studies were included for a qualitative analysis. The results showed that trauma to a deciduous tooth can damage the bud of the permanent tooth. Enamel discoloration and/or hypoplasia were the most common sequelae in the permanent teeth after trauma to the primary predecessor. The type and severity of sequelae in the permanent tooth are associated with the development phase of the bud. Children with trauma of their primary teeth should receive checkups until the eruption of the permanent teeth for the early diagnosis and treatment of possible sequelae. Intrusion of the primary tooth was the trauma that caused the most damage and enamel alterations the most frequent sequelae.

Short Dental Implants (≤8.5 mm) versus Standard Dental Implants (≥10 mm): A One-Year Post-Loading Prospective Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: Recent data have shown that short dental implants can be the preferred treatment in most of cases of posterior atrophic alveolar ridges, offering higher survival and lower complication rates than long implants. The survival rates, stability, and marginal bone level changes were compared between short implants (7 and 8.5 mm) and standard-length implants (≥10 mm). METHODS: Prospective observational study in which adult patients requiring ≥1 osseointegrated implants to replace missing teeth were recruited consecutively. A clinical examination was performed on the day the definitive prosthesis was placed and after 6 and 12 months. Implant stability quotient (ISQ), marginal bone level (MBL) changes, and the correlation between these parameters and the characteristics of the implants were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 99 implants were inserted (47 short, 52 standard) in 74 patients. The 12-month survival rate was 100%. ISQ values showed a similar pattern for both types of implants. No correlation was found between ISQ changes after one year and MBL values, nor between the latter and the characteristics of the implants. CONCLUSIONS: With clinical treatment criteria, shorter implants (7 and 8.5 mm in length) can be just as useful as standard-length implants in atrophic alveolar ridges, demonstrating similar rates of survival, stability, and crestal bone loss.

Influence of a preventive program on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of European pregnant women: a cohort study.

The aim of this study was to compare the impact of oral health on quality of life of a group of pregnant women enrolled in a program of oral health with respect to a control group of non-pregnant women. A cross-sectional study involving a sociodental indicator OHIP-14 and a dental examination was completed to assess pregnant women's knowledge of oral health, hygienic habits, periodontal and caries index. Data were collected from 113 pregnant women and 113 non-pregnant women. Sociodemographic data for both groups were homogeneous. Pregnant women have better values of general and oral health, even though they have not perceived need for dental treatment, compared with control group. A worse periodontal health was observed for the control group. Our results showed that quality of life in pregnant women has been influenced with a statistical significance (p < 0.05) by the variables age, unemployment, level of education, immigration, frequency of brushing, type of dental practice, self-reported general and oral health and perceived treatment needs. The oral quality of life of pregnant women seems to be positively influenced by the incorporation of preventive oral programs during pregnancy.

Effect of posterior gingival smile on the perception of smile esthetics

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the influence of posterior gummy smile on the perception of smile esthetics by orthodontists, general-dentists and laypersons. Study DESIGN: A frontal photograph of a smile with normal gum exposure was chosen and manipulated digitally using Adobe Photoshop C3 to generate three further images with posterior gum exposure of 4, 6 and 8 mm. These four images were assessed by the three evaluator groups: orthodontists (n = 40), general-dentists (n=40) and lay-persons (n=40). Both orthodontists and dentists had at least ten years professional experience and lay-persons were aged between 40-50 years. The proportion of men to women was 20:20 in each group. Evaluators awarded a score to the smile esthetics of each image: 1=acceptable, 2=moderately acceptable, 3=unacceptable. Afterwards, each evaluator placed the four images in order of esthetic preference. RESULTS: No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected between the three evaluator groups for the photo with-out posterior gummy smile. The perception of smile esthetics for a the 4mm posterior gummy smile (median for orthodontists=2, general-dentists= 1, lay-persons=1), the 6mm (median for orthodontists=2, general-dentists=1, laypersons=1) and the 8mm (median for orthodontists=3, general-dentists=2, laypersons=2) was significantly dif-ferent between orthodontists and the other two evaluator groups (p < 0.0017).The three evaluator groups coincided in placing the image with the 6mm gum exposure in first place in order of esthetic preference. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior gummy smile influences the perception of smile esthetics more negatively among ortho-dontists than the rest of the groups

No disponible

Effect of posterior gingival smile on the perception of smile esthetics.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the influence of posterior gummy smile on the perception of smile esthetics by orthodontists, general-dentists and laypersons. STUDY DESIGN: A frontal photograph of a smile with normal gum exposure was chosen and manipulated digitally using Adobe Photoshop C3 to generate three further images with posterior gum exposure of 4, 6 and 8mm. These four images were assessed by the three evaluator groups: orthodontists (n=40), general-dentists (n=40) and laypersons (n=40). Both orthodontists and dentists had at least ten years professional experience and laypersons were aged between 40-50 years. The proportion of men to women was 20:20 in each group. Evaluators awarded a score to the smile esthetics of each image: 1=acceptable, 2=moderately acceptable, 3=unacceptable. Afterwards, each evaluator placed the four images in order of esthetic preference. RESULTS: No significant differences (p>0.05) were detected between the three evaluator groups for the photo without posterior gummy smile. The perception of smile esthetics for a the 4mm posterior gummy smile (median for orthodontists=2, general-dentists= 1, laypersons=1), the 6mm (median for orthodontists=2, general-dentists=1, laypersons=1) and the 8mm (median for orthodontists=3, general-dentists=2, laypersons=2) was significantly different between orthodontists and the other two evaluator groups (p<0.0017). The three evaluator groups coincided in placing the image with the 6mm gum exposure in first place in order of esthetic preference. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior gummy smile influences the perception of smile esthetics more negatively among orthodontists than the rest of the groups.

Short-term effect of zoledronic acid upon fracture resistance of the mandibular condyle and femoral head in an animal model

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects in terms of resistance to fracture of the mandibularcondyle and femoral head following different doses of zoledronic acid in an animal model. Study design: A total of 80 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were included in a prospective randomized study. The animals were randomly divided into four groups of 20 rats each. Group 1 (control) received sterile saline solution, while groups 2, 3 and 4 received a accumulated dose of 0.2 mg, 0.4 mg and 0.6 mg of zoledronic acid, respectively. The animals were sacrificed 28 days after the last dose, and the right hemimandible and the right femur were removed. The fracture strength was measured (in Newtons) with a universal test machine using a 1kN load connected to a metal rod with one end angled at 30 degrees. The cross-head speed was 1 mm/min. Later, the specimens were observed under a scanning electron microscope with backscattered electron imaging (SEMBSE).At last, chemical analysis and elemental mapping of the mineral bone composition were generated using a microanalytical system based on energy-dispersive and X-ray spectrometry (EDX).Results: A total of 160 fracture tests were performed. The fracture resistance increased in mandible and femur with a higher accumulated dose of zoledronic acid. Statistically significant differences were recorded versus the controls with all the studies groups. The chemical analysis in mandible showed a significantly increased of calcium and phosphorous to compare the control with all of the study groups; however, in femur no statistically significant differences between the four study groups were observed. Conclusions: The administration of bisphosphonates increases the fracture resistance in mandible and femur (AU)

Short-term effect of zoledronic acid upon fracture resistance of the mandibular condyle and femoral head in an animal model.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects in terms of resistance to fracture of the mandibular condyle and femoral head following different doses of zoledronic acid in an animal model. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 80 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were included in a prospective randomized study. The animals were randomly divided into four groups of 20 rats each. Group 1 (control) received sterile saline solution, while groups 2, 3 and 4 received a accumulated dose of 0.2 mg, 0.4 mg and 0.6 mg of zoledronic acid, respectively. The animals were sacrificed 28 days after the last dose, and the right hemimandible and the right femur were removed. The fracture strength was measured (in Newtons) with a universal test machine using a 1 kN load connected to a metal rod with one end angled at 30 degrees. The cross-head speed was 1 mm/min. Later, the specimens were observed under a scanning electron microscope with backscattered electron imaging (SEM-BSE). At last, chemical analysis and elemental mapping of the mineral bone composition were generated using a microanalytical system based on energy-dispersive and X-ray spectrometry (EDX). RESULTS: A total of 160 fracture tests were performed. The fracture resistance increased in mandible and femur with a higher accumulated dose of zoledronic acid. Statistically significant differences were recorded versus the controls with all the studies groups. The chemical analysis in mandible showed a significantly increased of calcium and phosphorous to compare the control with all of the study groups; however, in femur no statistically significant differences between the four study groups were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of bisphosphonates increases the fracture resistance in mandible and femur.

Resistencia a las fuerzas de cizalla del sistema APC Plus. Estudio «in vitro» / Shear bond strength of the APC Plus system. «In vitro» study

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la resistencia a las fuerzas de cizalla yel adhesivo remanente sobre el diente tras el descementado de brackets precubiertos conAPC Plus (3M) y brackets cementados con Transbond XT (3M), acondicionando el esmalteen ambos casos con el imprimador autograbante Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer(TSEP, 3M).No se detectaron diferencias significativas en la fuerza adhesiva de los grupos evaluados(p>0,05). TSEP/APC Plus dejó significativamente menos adhesivo sobre el diente queTSEP/Transbond XT (p<0,05). Las observaciones a MEB mostraron que TSEP producía unasuperficie porosa y potencialmente retentiva para las necesidades adhesivas en Ortodoncia.La utilización conjunta de TSEP y el sistema APC Plus puede suponer una reducción deltiempo de sillón sin comprometer con ello la fuerza adhesiva

The objective of this study was to compare the shear bond strength and theamount of remnant adhesive on the tooth after the debonding of APC Plus precoatedbrackets (3M) and uncoated brackets bonded with the resin Transbond XT (3M), conditioningthe enamel in both cases with the self-etching primer Transbond Plus Self EtchingPrimer (TSEP, 3M).No significant differences were observed in the bond strength of the two groups evaluated(p>0,05). TSEP/APC Plus left significantly less adhesive on the tooth thanTSEP/Transbond XT (p<0.05). SEM observations of the enamel treated with TSEP showeda porous and potentially retentive surface for orthodontic bonding< needs.We deduce from our results that the use of combined TSEP with APC Plus precoatedbrackets can be useful, reducing the chair time without compromising the bond strength